On the 7th April 2011 I was invited to speak at the British Medical Journal’s debate on whether smoking is a disease (addiction) or a habit. Sponsored by Pfizer the other speakers were Chritianne Vink a Biological Psychologist who supported me, Alison Britton a lecturer in law from Caledonian University and Antonella Cardone, Public Health Director, Global Smokefree Partnership Rome who were for wanting smoking to be classified as a disease. Some of it is in bullet form and not fully articulated but I hope you get the idea.
INTERPRETATION: Lung cancer in never-smokers should probably be regarded as a different disease-entity than smoking-induced lung cancer. This could impact prognosis as well as treatment.”
2. “An analysis simulating smaller studies using subsamples reveals that large short-term increases in myocardial infarction incidence following a workplace ban are as common as the large decreases reported in the published literature.”
He and his colleagues monitored the smoking behavior and craving levels of in-flight attendants, both women and men, who worked at the Israeli airline El Al. Each participant was monitored during two flights — a long flight of 10 to 13 hours in duration, from Tel Aviv to New York, for example; and a two-hop shorter trip from Israel to Europe and back, each leg lasting three to five hours. Using a questionnaire, he sampled craving levels of the attendants throughout the duration of their flights.
Dr. Dar and his colleagues found that the duration of the flight had no significant impact on craving levels, which were similar for short and long flights. Moreover, craving levels at the end of each short flight were much higher those at the end of the long flight, demonstrating that cravings increased in anticipation of the flight landing, whatever the flight’s total duration. He concluded that the craving effect is produced by psychological cues rather than by the physiological effects of nicotine deprivation.
No smoking on the Sabbath
In an earlier 2005 study, Dr. Dar examined smokers who were religious Jews, forbidden by their religion to smoke on the Sabbath. He asked them about their smoking cravings on three separate days: the Sabbath, a regular weekday, and a weekday on which they’d been asked to abstain. Participants were interviewed at the end of each day about their craving levels during that day.
What Dr. Dar found is that cravings were very low on the morning of the Sabbath, when the smoker knew he would not be able to smoke for at least 10 hours. Craving levels gradually increased at the end of the Sabbath, when participants anticipated the first post-Sabbath cigarette. Craving levels on the weekday on which these people smoked as much as they wanted were just as high as on the day they abstained, showing that craving has little to do with nicotine deprivation.
Dr. Dar’s studies conclude that nicotine is not addictive as physiological addictions are usually defined. While nicotine does have a physiological role in increasing cognitive abilities such as attention and memory, it’s not an addictive substance like heroin, which creates true systemic and biologically-based withdrawal symptoms in the body of the user, he says.
Dr. Dar believes that people who smoke do so for short-term benefits like oral gratification, sensory pleasure and social camaraderie. Once the habit is established, people continue to smoke in response to cues and in situations that become associated with smoking. Dr. Dar believes that understanding smoking as a habit, not an addiction, will facilitate treatment. Smoking cessation techniques should emphasize the psychological and behavioral aspects of the habit and not the biological aspects.”
Persuaded by this paper Professor Martin Jarvis Trustee of ASH 2003
7766 adult cigarette smokers.
Main outcome measures Hardcore smoking defined by four criteria (less than a day without cigarettes in the past five years; no attempt to quit in the past year; no desire to quit; no intention to quit), all of which had to be satisfied.
Results Some 16% of all smokers were categorised as hardcore. Hardcore smoking was associated with nicotine dependence, socioeconomic deprivation, and age, rising from 5% in young adults aged 16-24 to 30% in those aged ≥ 65 years. Hardcore smokers displayed distinctive attitudes towards and beliefs about smoking. In particular they were likely to deny that smoking affected their health or would do so in the future. Prevalence of hardcore smoking was almost four times higher than in California.
Conclusion Hardcore smoking presents a serious challenge to public health efforts to reduce the prevalence of smoking, but the proportion of hardcore smokers does not necessarily increase as overall prevalence in a population declines. More hardcore smokers could be persuaded to quit, but this will require interventions that are targeted to the particular needs and perceptions of both socially disadvantaged and older smokers.
Today Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), the public health charity has apologised to Allen Carr’s Easyway Organisation for unfounded comments made by its Director in November 2006.
In November of last year, Deborah Arnott, Director of ASH claimed that specific success rates quoted by AllenCarr Easyway were “plucked out of the air” and “basically made up.” She made these comments whilst on the BBC Radio 4 “PM” programme during a piece concerning the death of Allen Carr, founder of Allen Carr’s Easyway organisation.
Deborah Arnott’s comments referred to two independent studies conducted by eminent experts in the field of smoking cessation which had already been published in peer reviewed journals indicating a 53% success rate for Allen Carr’s Easyway to Stop Smoking Clinics after 12 months.
Following a complaint by Allen Carr’s Easyway International, Deborah Arnott and ASH now acknowledge that it was wrong for Ms Arnott to have made the comments relating to the 53% success rate and have issued an unreserved apology.
ASH has agreed to pay the legal costs incurred by Allen Carr’s Easyway.
The Global Research Neglect of Unassisted Smoking Cessation: Causes and Consequences Simon Chapman
Research shows that two-thirds to three-quarters of ex-smokers stop unaided,”
In 1986, the American Cancer Society reported that: “Over 90% of the estimated 37 million people who have stopped smoking in this country since the Surgeon General’s first report linking smoking to cancer have done so unaided.
“Research shows that two-thirds to three-quarters of ex-smokers stop unaided,” and that “53% of the ex-smokers said that it was “not at all difficult” to stop, 27% said it was “fairly difficult”, and the remainder found it very difficult.”
E cigs
“The researchers conducted an online survey of 222 first-time purchasers of electronic cigarettes, also known as e-cigarettes, from a leading electronic cigarette distributor. Of those who were not smoking at six months, 34.3 percent reported not using electronic cigarettes or any nicotine-containing products. Almost 67 percent of respondents reported having reduced the number of cigarettes they smoked after using electronic cigarettes.”
The research was executed in South Africa about 349 participants for two months. Out of the total participants 45% had been effective in quitting smoking cigarette following they adapted e cigarettes.
Medical doctors who had participated from the study discovered that electronic cigarettes are better alternate options towards the typical cigarettes. 6% of participating smokers were in a position to quit inside 14 days and after 8 weeks 45% have been in a position to stop the deadly routine.
Nicotine Replacement Terapy
A success rate as low as 1.6% as is written in a letter to the British Medical Journal (BMJ) by Professor Michael Siegel. (3) A more recent study piles on the agony at 0.8%, “The actual number of subjects who achieved one-year continuous abstinence with the nicotine patch was 5, or only 0.8% of the sample.” (4) This in the BMJ study stated “The long term (that is, greater than six months) quit rates for OTC NRT was 1% and 6% in two studies and 8–11% in five other studies. These results were not homogenous; however, when combined the estimated OR was 7% (95% CI 4% to 11%). Conclusions: OTC NRT is pharmacologically efficacious and produces modest quit rates similar to that seen in real world prescription practice. ” (5)
LifestyleReviews 
An excellent and concise speech which should lead to even the most ardent anti smoker to question the role of Government, the NHS, and most importantly anti smoking groups such as ASH, in spending huge sums of tax payers money purveying products which clearly are unfit for purpose in a huge majority of cases (92% at a year).
At least we have now seen the FDA exceed to the Courts with regard to Ecigarettes, ( http://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/ ) perhaps now those who wish to quit will use methods that work, however I fear a huge upsurge in Pharmaceutical cash to aid a ground breaking new study which will show the only way is their products.
Well done David.
Agree with Bob, who did marvellous work in the run-up to the 2007 UK indoor smoking ban — many thanks! I am sorry that so many derided your efforts, which were sterling!
Dave — I appreciate your showing the research saying that Big Pharma substitutes show so little result on permanent smoking cessation. At least, though, these methods are available for long-haul flights, which is what a number of people purchase them for. Strange, isn’t it, that they cost the same amount as a packet of fags?
Homeopathy can help the fight against tobacco addiction and the bad effects of tobacco (http://homeopathicure.wordpress.com/2011/05/31/anti-tobacco-day-may-31/)
i didnt think e cigarettes where for the purpose of giving up smoking, i thought they were so they you could stay addicted.
Not touched a cigarette for 5 months now thanks to using e cigarettes.
I am now an evangelist for these e cigs. I tell all I meet
to just search on Google for for electronic cigarettes to check how well rooted this industry is,
and how huge the range is for these life saving products
is. What p*sses me off, though, are the increasing number of articles in the major press saying
how deadly they are. Apparently drugs firms – the manufacturers of harm
reduction smoking helpers are funding an anti e-cigarette movement – not
so much the tobacco companies (as one might think)
– as they are investing in them. I can FEEL the benefits of e cigarettes.
Just FYI – that there is always a hidden
agenda with these self interested faceless types trying to censure e cigarettes .
.. our country’s politicos should do a lot more to promoter their use. It makes me cross. I will be really angry if they ban them.
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Life is not infinite. Of course, this is a not a secret, but do we always remember about it? How can we discover the significance of life staying at home? They say if you don’t like the place where you are – move, you’re not a tree after all. By the same tenet, I want to say that traveling – is an important component of fulfilling life. Let’s not waste life in vain but explore this wonderful earth glob! It remains to take a step, just click world’s wonders and you will see all the riches of our world which are near to us. Very often various natural anomalies are just close to us, but we can’t find time for such rest. begin reading not fashion journals but brochures with natural landmarks. A famous poem says “What is this life if, full of care, we have no time to stand and stare…” Let’s change our life!
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Coming from a simple annex to a modern day and multidisciplinary college or university through exceptional achievements.
About March 29, 1968, Chief executive Houari BOUMEDIENE laid the foundation stone of the University of Constantine in whose official “birth certificate” was Ordinance Number 69. 56 of June 17, 69. As a reminder, the university center of Constantine was established by the decree of 1961 authorized by the President of french Republic and creating in Algeria two school centers: one in Oran and the other in Constantine.
Nevertheless , one must know that degree in Constantine commenced prior to the creation of this university centre with the opening, in 1958, of an annex of college of Legislation of the University of Algiers. This structure, located at the most popular University (currently Abdelhamid BENBADIS located in back of the Grande Poste in metropolis center), provided Constantinois students enrolled at the University theoretical education of the first two years of law degree and the preparation of the degree in law.
About 1962, the university centre expands and then includes 04 (four) pedagogical products.
The college of Medication and Pharmacy within the hospital.
The Literary University installed in the Medersa.
The Scientific College, located at the vocational training center in Bellvue.
The Institute of Legal Research located at the Someones University.
In the consequences of independence, at the beginning of the 62 academic year, the higher education will be trained in Constantine in a few specific specialties, such as Letters and Dialects, Exact Sciences, Medicine and Pharmacy. She remained certain under the pedagogical direction of the faculties under the University of Algiers. The students, few at that time, were supervised by educators recruited mostly as complex cooperants and had very little didactic resources such as documentation and technological equipment for experimentation, demo and research.
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